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The Junkers S 36 was a low-wing experimental aircraft built by the German manufacturer Junkers in the 1920s. It was the manufacturer's first twin-engine model and could carry three people. The bombers Junkers K 37, Mitsubishi Ki-1 and Mitsubishi Ki-2 were built according to his model.

The S 36 was a cantilevered low-wing aircraft in all-metal construction. The aircraft was equipped with two Gnôme-Rhône radial engines of 440 kW (approx. 600 hp) each. The first flight took place on September 5, 1927. Originally, it was planned to be used as an S 36 fighter aircraft (factory no. 3200).
Unlike the other Junkers aircraft, the prototype of the S 36 was experimented with smooth sheet metal for the planking of the wing nose and top. The nose of the nose, which was also covered with smooth sheet metal, was subsequently glazed, while an opening for a camera was added to the underside of the fuselage.
After the end of the trials, this aircraft was sold as the S-AABL to the Junkers subsidiary AB Flygindustri in Limhamn, Sweden, where it served as a prototype for the Junkers K 37 built there. This machine was armed and was equipped as a bomber. Its good altitude performance made it unattainable for the fighter planes of 1927. Towards the end of 1927, the aircraft was converted for aerial photography purposes, after which the only S 36 flew back in Dessau as the D-1252, then as the D-AMIX. The S 36 was officially certified for aerobatics in 1928 as the first twin-engine aircraft.
The Japanese armed forces showed interest in this advanced aircraft and on this basis Mitsubishi developed the Ki-1 and the Ki-2.